Vaccine development utilizing various platforms is one of the strategies that has been
proposed to address the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Adjuvants are …

In conjugate, inactivated, recombinant, and toxoid vaccines, adjuvants are extensively and
essentially used for enhanced and long-lasting protective immune responses. Depending …

Virus-like particles (VLPs) are self-assembled viral proteins that represent a superior form of
antigens in vaccine formulations. To enhance immunogenicity, adjuvants, especially the …

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) always suffer from severe abdominal pain
and appear to be at high risk for colorectal cancer. Recently, the co-delivery of targeted …

Ever since the development of the first vaccine, vaccination has had the great impact on
global health, leading to the decrease in the burden of numerous infectious diseases …

Nanocellulose is increasingly considered for applications; however, the fibrillar nature,
crystalline phase, and surface reactivity of these high aspect ratio nanomaterials need to be …

Aluminum oxyhydroxide (AlOOH) adjuvants are widely used in human vaccines. However,
the interaction mechanisms at the material-bio interface, and further understandings on …

In modern vaccines, adjuvants can be sophisticated immunological tools to promote robust
and long-lasting protection against prevalent diseases. However, there is an urgent need to …

Aluminium salts are by far the most commonly used adjuvants in vaccines. There are only
two aluminium salts which are used in clinically-approved vaccines, Alhydrogel® and …

Aluminum phosphate adjuvants play a critical role in human inactivated and subunit
prophylactic vaccines. However, a major challenge is that the underlying mechanism of …