Background Together with poor biodegradability and insufficient recycling, the massive
production and use of plastics have led to widespread environmental contamination by nano …

Microplastic pollution is a major threat to the marine environment attracting attention from
scientific and public communities. Although we have sufficient evidence that microplastic is …

Invertebrates have long been an important tool for assessing water pollution due to their
characteristics as intermediate consumers in aquatic ecosystem food chains. Most of the …

Microplastics and nanoplastics (M-NPLs) are ubiquitous environmentally, chemically, or
mechanically degraded plastic particles. Humans are exposed to M-NPLs of various sizes …

The ubiquity and detrimental effects of plastics in the environment have become global
environmental concerns over the past decade. Intensive anthropogenic activities, such as …

Microplastic and nanoplastic pollution in aquatic environments is a topic of emerging
concern due to the internalization, retention time and effects of these particles in aquatic …

Differentially charged microplastics (MPs) engendered by plastic aging (eg, plastic film)
widely existed in the agricultural ecosystem, yet minimal was known about the toxic effects of …

Nanoscale plastic particles are widely found in the terrestrial environment and being
increasingly studied in recent years. However, the knowledge of their translocation and …

Most disposable plastic products are degraded slowly in the natural environment and
continually turned to microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs), posing additional …

Ocean acidification may increase the risk of disease outbreaks that would challenge the
future persistence of marine organisms if their immune system and capacity to produce vital …