Plastic surgery is a discipline that uses surgical methods or tissue transplantation to repair,
reconstruct and beautify the defects and deformities of human tissues and organs. Three …

Most tissues of the human body are characterized by highly anisotropic physical properties
and biological organization. Hydrogels have been proposed as scaffolding materials to …

Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) is a versatile material for a wide range of bioapplications.
There is an intense interest in developing effective chemical strategies to prepare GelMA …

Abstract Four-dimensional (4D) bioprinting, in which the concept of time is integrated with
three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting as the fourth dimension, has currently emerged as the …

Bioprinting offers a highly-automated and advanced manufacturing platform that facilitates
the deposition of bio-inks (living cells, biomaterials and growth factors) in a scalable and …

Acute and chronic wounds affect millions of people around the world, imposing a growing
financial burden on patients and hospitals. Despite the application of current wound …

Over the years, the field of bioprinting has attracted attention for its highly automated
fabrication system that enables the precise patterning of living cells and biomaterials at pre …

Three‐dimensionally printed constructs are static and do not recapitulate the dynamic nature
of tissues. Four‐dimensional (4D) bioprinting has emerged to include conformational …

Skeletal muscles play important roles in critical body functions and their injury or disease
can lead to limitation of mobility and loss of independence. Current treatments result in …

Tissue engineering has offered unique opportunities for disease modeling and regenerative
medicine; however, the success of these strategies is dependent on faithful reproduction of …