Type III secretion systems (T3SSs) are protein transport nanomachines that are found in
Gram-negative bacterial pathogens and symbionts. Resembling molecular syringes, T3SSs …

Bacteria have evolved a remarkable array of sophisticated nanomachines to export various
virulence factors across the bacterial cell envelope. In recent years, considerable progress …

The bacterial flagellum is an amazingly complex molecular machine with a diversity of roles
in pathogenesis including reaching the optimal host site, colonization or invasion …

Two of the most fascinating bacterial nanomachines—the broadly disseminated rotary
flagellum at the heart of cellular motility and the eukaryotic cell–puncturing injectisome …

Many bacteria have evolved specialized nanomachines with the remarkable ability to inject
multiple bacterially encoded effector proteins into eukaryotic or prokaryotic cells. Known as …

Virulence-associated type III secretion systems (T3SS) serve the injection of bacterial
effector proteins into eukaryotic host cells. They are able to secrete a great diversity of …

The flagellum and the injectisome are two of the most complex and fascinating bacterial
nanomachines. At their core, they share a type III secretion system (T3SS), a transmembrane …

Type III protein secretion systems have specifically evolved to deliver bacterially encoded
proteins into target eukaryotic cells. The core elements of this multi-protein machine are the …

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and enterohemorrhagic E. coli are diarrheagenic
bacterial human pathogens that cause severe gastroenteritis. These enteric pathotypes …

The Type III secretion system (T3SS) is a protein export pathway that is widespread in Gram-
negative bacteria and delivers effector proteins directly into eukaryotic cells. At its core lie …