Tick-borne diseases (TBDs) affect 80% of the world's cattle population, hampering livestock
production throughout the world. Livestock industry is important to rural populations not only …

Cell culture for the purposes of viral vaccine cultivation is reviewed from the perspective of
the industrial practitioner. This article covers the mechanics of virus production, followed by …

Background The absence of robust evidence of safety of medicines in pregnancy,
particularly those for major diseases provided by public health programmes in developing …

Ehrlichia ruminantium is an obligatory intracellular bacterium that causes heartwater, a fatal
disease in ruminants. Due to its intracellular nature, E. ruminantium requires a set of specific …

The outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of Gram-negative bacteria play a crucial role in
virulence and pathogenesis. Identification of these proteins represents an important goal for …

Microvascular endothelial cells constitute potential targets for exogenous microorganisms, in
particular for vector-borne pathogens. Their phenotypic and functional variations according …

The obligate intracellular bacterium Ehrlichia ruminantium (ER) causes heartwater, a fatal
tick-borne disease in livestock. In the field, ER strains present different levels of virulence …

Ehrlichia ruminantium (ER), the causative agent of heartwater on ruminants, is an obligate
intracellular bacterium transmitted by ticks of the genus Amblyomma. Previous studies have …

Rickettsia felis is an obligate, intracellular, Gram-negative bacterium and a member of the
transitional group rickettsiae. This bacterium has been shown to grow in vitro in amphibian …

Rickettsia raoultii is one of the causative agents of tick-borne lymphadenopathy in humans.
This bacterium was previously isolated and propagated in tick cell lines; however, the …