Nitrogen (N) is used in many of life's fundamental biomolecules, and it is also a participant in
environmental redox chemistry. Biogeochemical processes control the amount and form of N …

Aquatic environments experiencing low-oxygen conditions have been described as hypoxic,
suboxic, or anoxic zones; oxygen minimum zones; and, in the popular media, the misnomer …

The ocean is a key component of the Earth system (Chapter 1) as it provides essential life
supporting services (Inniss et al. 2017). For example, it stores heat trapped in the …

This article describes the new Earth system model (ESM), the Model for Interdisciplinary
Research on Climate, Earth System version 2 for Long-term simulations (MIROC-ES2L) …

Most of Earth's terrestrial surface is made up of sloping landscapes. The lateral distribution
of topsoil by erosion controls the availability, stock, and persistence of essential elements in …

Indonesia, the world's largest archipelagic country and the fourth most populated nation, has
struggled with coastal water pollution in the last decades. With the increasing population in …

The marine dissolved organic carbon (DOC) pool is an important player in the functioning of
marine ecosystems. DOC is at the interface between the chemical and the biological worlds …

We report a new synthesis of best estimates of the inputs of fixed nitrogen to the world ocean
via atmospheric deposition and compare this to fluvial inputs and dinitrogen fixation. We …

A carbon budget for the northwest European continental shelf seas (NWES) was
synthesized using available estimates for coastal, pelagic and benthic carbon stocks and …

Coastal areas in the US and worldwide have experienced massive population and land-use
changes contributing to significant degradation of coastal ecosystems. Excess nutrient …