Microglial research has advanced considerably in recent decades yet has been constrained
by a rolling series of dichotomies such as" resting versus activated" and" M1 versus M2." …

Decades of research have identified genetic factors and biochemical pathways involved in
neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). We present evidence for the following eight hallmarks …

Low-grade inflammation is a hallmark of old age and a central driver of ageing-associated
impairment and disease. Multiple factors can contribute to ageing-associated inflammation; …

The heterogeneity of tissue macrophages, in health and in disease, has become
increasingly transparent over the last decade. But with the plethora of data comes a natural …

Extracellular deposition of amyloid-β as neuritic plaques and intracellular accumulation of
hyperphosphorylated, aggregated tau as neurofibrillary tangles are two of the characteristic …

Persistent neurological and neuropsychiatric symptoms affect a substantial fraction of
people after COVID-19 and represent a major component of the post-acute COVID-19 …

COVID survivors frequently experience lingering neurological symptoms that resemble
cancer-therapy-related cognitive impairment, a syndrome for which white matter microglial …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia worldwide, and its
prevalence is rapidly increasing due to extended lifespans. Among the increasing number of …

Macrophages are innate immune cells that form a 3D network in all our tissues, where they
phagocytose dying cells and cell debris, immune complexes, bacteria and other waste …

Obesity leads to chronic, systemic inflammation and can lead to insulin resistance (IR), β-cell
dysfunction, and ultimately type 2 diabetes (T2D). This chronic inflammatory state …