Klebsiella pneumoniae causes a wide range of infections, including pneumonias, urinary
tract infections, bacteremias, and liver abscesses. Historically, K. pneumoniae has caused …

Innate immunity is a primordial system that has a primary role in lung antimicrobial defenses.
Recent advances in understanding the recognition systems by which cells of the innate …

Sensors of pathogens, such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), detect microbes to activate
transcriptional programs that orchestrate adaptive responses to specific insults. Here we …

Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are classified as two
lung complications arising from various conditions such as sepsis, trauma, and lung …

Abstract Context: Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO Nps) have potential application in
piezoelectric nanogenerator and in biotechnology. Objective: The antibacterial activity of …

In the respiratory system, the upper tract is colonized with commensal bacteria, whereas the
lower tract is sterile. The respiratory system is continuously exposed to a variety of bacteria …

Diseases of the respiratory tract are among the leading causes of death in the world
population. Increasing evidence points to a key role of the innate immune system with its …

TLRs activate immune responses by sensing microbial structures such as bacterial LPS,
viral RNA, and endogenous “danger” molecules released by damaged host cells. MyD88 is …

Large numbers of environmental antigens, including commensal bacteria and food‐derived
antigens, constitutively interact with the epithelial layer of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract …

Respiratory infections and diseases are among the leading causes of death worldwide, and
effective treatments probably require manipulating the inflammatory response to pathogenic …