Global monsoon over land (GM_L) have significant variations in their dominated area
(GMA_L). The quantitative assessment of changes in GMA_L is essential for understanding …

Effective climate sensitivity (EffCS), commonly estimated from model simulations with abrupt
4× CO2 for 150 years, has been shown to depend on the CO2 forcing level. To understand …

The atmospheric Green's function method is a technique for modeling the response of the
atmosphere to changes in the spatial field of surface temperature. While early studies …

Projections of future tropical cyclone frequency are uncertain, ranging from a slight increase
to a considerable decrease according to climate models. Estimation of how much the Earth's …

Cumulus entrainment substantially regulates the earth's climate but remains poorly
constrained in global climate models. Recent studies have shown that cumulus bulk …

Near‐term projections of drought in the southwestern United States (SWUS) are uncertain.
The observed decrease in SWUS precipitation since the 1980s and heightened drought …

Recent analysis of pan-tropical interactions suggests that post-1980 the tropical Indian
Ocean's (TIO) influence on the tropical Pacific Ocean (TPO) appears to have subdued, while …

Low cloud feedback in global warming projections by climate models is characterized by its
positive sign, the mechanism of which is not well understood. Here we propose that the …

Abstract El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a major source for teleconnections,
including towards the tropical North Atlantic (TNA) region, whereby TNA sea surface …

The global surface temperature climate feedback parameter (λ) varies significantly across
climate models, and its real-world value remains uncertain. Studies have found that sea …