Carnitine is a conditionally essential nutrient that plays a vital role in energy production and
fatty acid metabolism. Vegetarians possess a greater bioavailability than meat eaters …

High‐intensity exercise can result in up to a 1,000‐fold increase in the rate of ATP demand
compared to that at rest (Newsholme et al., 1983). To sustain muscle contraction, ATP needs …

Studies in athletes have shown that carnitine supplementation may foster exercise
performance. As reported in the majority of studies, an increase in maximal oxygen …

Minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) is characterized by disturbance of mental state and
neuromuscular function. To assess the clinical efficacy of acetyl-l-carnitine (ALC) in the …

Purpose Both exercise and hypoxia cause complex changes in acid–base homeostasis. The
aim of the present study was to investigate whether during intense physical exercise in …

Myopathies are chronic degenerative pathologies that induce the deterioration of the
structure and function of skeletal muscle. So far a definitive therapy has not yet been …

Creatine supplementation has been put forward as a possible aid to cognition, particularly
for vegans, vegetarians, the elderly, sleep deprived and hypoxic individuals. However …

The present study examined the effects of hypercapnia on changes in blood pH, plasma
lactate and ammonia due to exhaustive exercise. Six male subjects underwent exercise of …

L-carnitine, an amino acid derivative, is naturally synthesized in human bodies in very few
amounts and can also be taken as a dietary supplement. This amino acid derivative is very …

The present study examined the effect of hypoxia-induced respiratory alkalosis on exercise-
induced metabolic acidosis and increases in plasma lactate and ammonia levels. Six male …