The dorsal striatum, apart from controlling voluntary movement, displays a recently
demonstrated pain inhibition. It is connected to the descending pain modulatory system and …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of death and disability, particularly
among the young and the elderly. Several therapeutic options have been investigated …

The present article provides a historical review of the place and response learning plus-
maze tasks with a focus on the behavioral and neurobiological findings. The article begins …

The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is a key neuroinflammation target in a variety of
neurodegenerative diseases. Improved radiosynthesis was developed according to the …

Pesticides are widely used in agriculture to kill pests, but their action is non-selective and
results in several hazardous effects on humans and animals. Pesticide toxicity has been …

The impacts of early-life adversity (ELA) on cognitive functions including striatal-dependent
habit memory and hippocampal-dependent spatial memory were investigated in male mice …

Habits are inflexible behaviors that develop after extensive repetition, and overreliance on
habits is a hallmark of many pathological states. The striatum is involved in the transition …

The major tenets of beat-frequency/coincidence-detection models of reward-related timing
are reviewed in light of recent behavioral and neurobiological findings. This includes the …

Abstratct Accurate discrimination between safe and dangerous stimuli is essential for
survival. Prior research has begun to uncover the neural structures that are necessary for …

The caudolateral nidopallium (NCL, an analog of the prefrontal cortex) is known to be
involved in learning, memory, and discrimination in corvids (a songbird), whereas the …