Members of the cactus family are keystone species of arid and semiarid biomes in the
Americas, as they provide shelter and resources to support other members of ecosystems …

With extraordinary levels of plant diversity and endemism, the Brazilian campos rupestres
across the Espinhaço Range have a species/area ratio 40 times higher than the lowland …

Premise The Caribbean islands are in the top five biodiversity hotspots on the planet;
however, the biogeographic history of the seasonally dry tropical forest (SDTF) there is …

Abstract Premise Pilosocereus (Cactaceae) is an important dry forest element in all
subregions and transitional zones of the neotropics, with the highest diversity in eastern …

Aim Geographical patterns of montane biodiversity worldwide are related to biotic and
abiotic factors, such as historical climate dynamics and species dispersal capabilities, which …

Mountains are renowned for their bountiful biodiversity. Explanations on the origin of such
abundant life are usually regarded to their orogenic history. However, ancient mountain …

Delimiting species boundaries is a major goal in evolutionary biology. An increasing volume
of literature has focused on the challenges of investigating cryptic diversity within complex …

Aim Among the main biogeographical hypotheses explaining the remarkable diversity of
fishes in the Neotropics is the “palaeogeographical hypothesis”, focusing on vicariance, and …

The cerrado is a large savanna in central Brazil, which extends north to the Amazon Forest
and the caatinga (xeric vegetation) and includes disjunct areas in both of those biomes …

South America harbors the highest plant diversity on Earth. The causes of such
exceptionally high diversity remain poorly understood, despite great attention devoted to the …