Abstract The MAss Spectrometer for Planetary EXploration (MASPEX) is a high-mass-
resolution, high-sensitivity, multi-bounce time-of-flight mass spectrometer (MBTOF) capable …

Jupiter's icy moon, Europa, harbors a subsurface liquid water ocean; the prospect of this
ocean being habitable motivates further exploration of the moon with the upcoming NASA …

Jupiter's moon Europa has a subsurface ocean beneath an icy crust. Conditions within the
ocean are unknown, and it is unclear whether it is connected to the surface. We observed …

The Galilean moons play major roles in the giant magnetosphere of Jupiter. At the same
time, the magnetospheric particles and fields affect the moons. The impact of …

A growing number of satellites in the outer solar system likely have global oceans beneath
their outer icy shells. While the presence of liquid water makes these ocean worlds …

Identifying and distinguishing between abiotic and biotic signatures of organic molecules
such as amino acids and fatty acids is key to the search for life on extraterrestrial ocean …

Geological investigations planned for the Europa Clipper mission will examine the
formation, evolution, and expression of geomorphic structures found on the surface …

Europa and Enceladus, respective moons of Jupiter and Saturn, are prime targets in the
exploration of potentially habitable extraterrestrial ocean worlds. Organic material could be …

Ganymede's atmosphere is produced by charged particle sputtering and sublimation of its
icy surface. Previous far-ultraviolet observations of the O i 1,356 Å and O i 1,304 Å oxygen …

The major revolution in modern astronomy recognizing the universe as teeming with
exoplanets, the discovery of liquid water in solar moons, and the continuing focus on Mars …