Executive Overview The concept of open innovation has recently gained widespread
attention. It is particularly relevant now because many firms are required to implement open …

Döring T. and Schnellenbach J.(2006) What do we know about geographical knowledge
spillovers and regional growth?: a survey of the literature, Regional Studies 40, 375–395 …

We provide evidence on the value of patents to startups by leveraging the quasi‐random
assignment of applications to examiners with different propensities to grant patents. Using …

What is the optimal system of intellectual property rights to encourage innovation? Empirical
evidence from economic history can help to inform important policy questions that have …

An important study of the relationship between technology, skills, and economic inequality
that answers some of the most pressing economic questions of our time Today's great …

This paper re‐examines critically the growing literature on localized knowledge spillovers
(LKSs), and finds the econometric evidence on the subject still lacking a firm theoretical …

In recent years, business leaders, policymakers, and inventors have complained to the
media and to Congress that today's patent system stifles innovation instead of fostering it …

We explore the market for lending to start-ups and two mechanisms that facilitate trade
within it:(1) the salability of patent collateral and (2) the credible commitment of equity …

Although market transactions for technologies, ideas, knowledge or information are limited
by several well‐known imperfections, there is evidence that they have become more …

This paper analyzes the relationship between technology licensing and the effectiveness of
patent protection. Using the 1994 Carnegie Mellon survey on industrial research and …