Locomotion and transport of microorganisms in fluids is an essential aspect of life. Search
for food, orientation toward light, spreading of off-spring, and the formation of colonies are …

Cilia and flagella are fundamental units of motion in cellular biology. These beating, hair-like
organelles share a common basic structure but maintain widely varying functions in systems …

In the past decade, the volvocine green algae, spanning from the unicellular
Chlamydomonas to multicellular Volvox, have emerged as model organisms for a number of …

Flows generated by ensembles of flagella are crucial to development, motility and sensing,
but the mechanisms behind this striking coordination remain unclear. We present novel …

The fluid dynamics of microswimmers has received attention from the fields of microbiology,
microrobotics, and active matter. Microorganisms have evolved organelles termed cilia for …

The movement of microorganisms is not only an essential aspect of life, it also serves as a
fruitful model for the development of synthetic microswimmers or microrobots with potential …

Rheotaxis, the directed response to fluid velocity gradients, has been shown to facilitate
stable upstream swimming of mammalian sperm cells along solid surfaces, suggesting a …

The unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas swims with two flagella that can synchronize
their beat. Synchronized beating is required to swim both fast and straight. A long-standing …

Helical swimming is a ubiquitous strategy for motile cells to generate self-gradients for
environmental sensing. The model biflagellate Chlamydomonas reinhardtii rotates at a …

The influence of hydrodynamic forces on eukaryotic flagella synchronization is investigated
by triggering phase locking between a controlled external flow and the flagella of C …