In seismic surveys, reflected sounds from airguns are used under water to detect gas and oil
below the sea floor. The airguns produce broadband high-amplitude impulsive sounds …

The acoustical output of marine-seismic airguns is determined from recordings of the sound
pressure made on hydrophones suspended below a floating barge from which the airguns …

Marine geophysical surveys (widely known as “seismic surveys”) are used to map oil and
gas reservoirs in marine regions throughout the world. These seismic surveys make use of …

This paper aimed at comparing different propagation models for the calculation of sound
pressure fields in the ocean as well as sound exposure levels. The chosen models are freely …

Computer models can be used to predict the sound field near an airgun or airgun array. The
accuracy of such predictions can be assessed either by a process of verification …

The calculation of air gun source signatures gives insight into applications such as air gun
array design, deghosting and the impact of sound on marine life. Single air gun source …

Comparisons are made of sound pressure and particle acceleration predicted by two
methods in the vicinity of two arrays of marine-seismic airguns. Data describing the array …

The numerical modeling of seismic airgun sources, with a specific emphasis on the impact of
sound on the marine ecosystem, is a challenging problem. In this paper, the simplified range …

The papers in this special issue focuses on the verification and validation of models for
predicting the sound field radiated by air guns and air gun arrays. This issue aims to address …

This paper describes the theoretical and numerical basis for the Centre for Marine Science
and Technology airgun array model (Cagam), a relatively simple airgun array model that …