The achievements of cell-based therapeutics have galvanized efforts to bring cell therapies
to the market. To address the demands of the clinical and eventual commercial-scale …

The field of gene therapy has evolved over the past two decades after the first introduction of
nucleic acid drugs, such as plasmid DNA (pDNA). With the development of in vitro …

Numerous protocols have been described for producing neural retina from human
pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), many of which are based on the culture of 3D organoids …

The development of the visual system involves the coordination of spatial and temporal
events to specify the organization of varied cell types, including the elongation of axons from …

The availability of in vitro models of the human retina in which to perform pharmacological
and toxicological studies is an urgent and unmet need. An essential step for developing in …

Retinal organoids are three-dimensional structures derived from human pluripotent stem
cells (hPSCs) which recapitulate the spatial and temporal differentiation of the retina, serving …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the
accumulation of Aβ plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, resulting in synaptic loss and …

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), including both embryonic and induced pluripotent
stem cells, possess the unique ability to readily differentiate into any cell type of the body …

Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are the projection neurons of the retina and transmit visual
information to postsynaptic targets in the brain. While this function is shared among nearly …

Although the degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) is a primary characteristic of
glaucoma, astrocytes also contribute to their neurodegeneration in disease states. Although …