Anosmia and hyposmia, the inability or decreased ability to smell, is estimated to afflict 3–
20% of the population. Risk of olfactory dysfunction increases with old age and may also …

Background The literature regarding clinical olfaction, olfactory loss, and olfactory
dysfunction has expanded rapidly over the past two decades, with an exponential rise in the …

Objective We aimed to examine whether impaired olfaction is associated with cognitive
decline and indicators of neurodegeneration in the brain of dementia-free older adults …

Smell and taste disorders can markedly affect the quality of life. In recent years we have
become much better in the assessment of the ability to smell and taste. In addition …

Recently, olfactory training has been introduced as a promising treatment for patients with
olfactory dysfunction. However, less is known about the neuronal basis and the influence on …

Physical exercise and fitness have been proposed as potential factors that promote healthy
cognitive aging. Support for this hypothesis has come from cross sectional, longitudinal, and …

Training and repeated exposure to odorants leads to enhanced olfactory sensitivity. So far,
the efficacy of intensive olfactory training on olfactory function in a healthy population and its …

The plasticity of brain function, especially reorganization after stroke or sensory loss, has
been investigated extensively. Based upon its special characteristics, the olfactory system …

Objective Cognitive loss in older adults is a growing issue in our society, and there is a need
to develop inexpensive, simple, effective in-home treatments. This study was conducted to …

Repeated exposure to odors modifies olfactory function. Consequently,“olfactory training”
plays a significant role in hyposmia treatment. In addition, numerous studies show that the …