The term 'neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders'(NMOSD) is used as an umbrella term that
refers to aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G (AQP4-IgG)-positive neuromyelitis optica (NMO) …

Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody Disease (MOGAD) is a spectrum of diseases,
including optic neuritis, transverse myelitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, and …

Astrocytes are the most abundant cell type in the human central nervous system, and they
play an important role in the regulation of neuronal physiology. In neurological disorders …

Autoimmunity plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of demyelination. Multiple
sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) and myelin …

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a relapsing inflammatory
disease of the CNS, characterized by the presence of serum aquaporin 4 (AQP4) …

PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article reviews the cardinal clinical features, distinct
immunopathology, current diagnostic criteria, relapse-related risk factors, emerging …

Introduction Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a relapsing, often
debilitating neuroinflammatory disease, whose predominant clinical manifestations are …

The term neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) describes a group of clinical-MRI
syndromes characterized by longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis, optic neuritis …

Objectives Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is a promising biomarker that could
potentially contribute to diagnosis and prognosis in neurological diseases. The biomarker is …

The autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) represent individual
heterogeneity with different disease entities. Although clinical and imaging features make it …