Over the past decade, nanoparticles (NPs) have been increasingly developed in various
biomedical applications such as cell tracking, biosensing, contrast imaging, targeted drug …

At a given cytosolic domain of a chromaffin cell, the rate and amplitude of the Ca2+
concentration ([Ca2+] c) depends on at least four efficient regulatory systems: 1) …

Astrocytes establish rapid cell-to-cell communication through the release of chemical
transmitters. The underlying mechanisms and functional significance of this release are …

Abstract Calcium (Ca 2+) signaling has essential roles in the development of the nervous
system from neural induction to the proliferation, migration, and differentiation of neural cells …

Vesicle fusion and transmitter release at synapses is driven by a highly localized Ca2+
signal that rapidly builds up around open Ca2+-channels at and near presynaptic active …

The variability of the postsynaptic response following a single action potential arises from
two sources: the neurotransmitter release is probabilistic, and the postsynaptic response to …

Mitochondria have long been known to accumulate Ca2+; the apparent inconsistency
between the low affinity of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake mechanisms, the low concentration of …

In eukaryotic cells, a rise in cytoplasmic Ca2+ can activate a plethora of responses that
operate on time scales ranging from milliseconds to days. Inherent to the use of a …

The dynamics of exocytosis are diverse and have been optimized for the functions of
synapses and a wide variety of cell types. For example, the kinetics of exocytosis varies by …

During vertebrate brain development, axons are enwrapped by myelin, an insulating
membrane produced by oligodendrocytes. Neuron-derived signaling molecules are …