When prey animals detect the odor of a predator a constellation of fear-related autonomic,
endocrine, and behavioral responses rapidly occur to facilitate survival. How olfactory …

In rodents, the decrease of felid aversion induced by Toxoplasma gondii, a phenomenon
termed fatal attraction, is interpreted as an adaptive manipulation by the neurotropic …

The vomeronasal organ (VNO) has a key role in mediating the social and defensive
responses of many terrestrial vertebrates to species-and sex-specific chemosignals. More …

Animal–animal recognition within, and across species, is essential for predator avoidance
and social interactions. Despite its essential role in orchestrating responses to animal cues …

The accessory olfactory system is present in most tetrapods. It is involved in the perception
of chemical stimuli, being implicated also in the detection of pheromones. However, it is …

The existence of innate predator aversion evoked by predator-derived chemostimuli called
kairomones offers a strong selective advantage for potential prey animals. However, it is …

Most mammals have two major olfactory subsystems: the main olfactory system (MOS) and
vomeronasal system (VNS). It is now widely accepted that the range of pheromones that …

The medial amygdaloid nucleus (Me) is a key node in the socio-sexual brain, composed of
anterior (MeA), posteroventral (MePV) and posterodorsal (MePD) subdivisions. These …

The medial amygdala (MeA) is a central hub in the olfactory neural network. It receives
vomeronasal information directly from the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) and main olfactory …

The study of fear memory is important for understanding various anxiety disorders in which
patients experience persistent recollections of traumatic events. These memories often …