Computational studies of steelmaking tundish systems date back to early eighties. Two
independent overviews, published, respectively, in 1999 and 2010, summarize a large …

Ladle shroud is a small but significant device in tundish metallurgy to facilitate both
production process and steel quality. Past decades have witnessed its evolution from a …

The residence time distribution (RTD) curve is a simple and useful method to analyze the
flow behavior in the tundish. In the last decades, analysis result acquirement based on the …

A series of industrial trials of argon injection into ladle shroud (AIILS) with different argon-
blowing rates were conducted in this study. Firstly, bubbles in actual liquid steel of the …

Differential and macroscopic models of argon–steel flows in ladle shroud have been
developed. In this, argon–steel, two-phase flow phenomena have been formulated via a …

Tundish open eye area, ATOE and free liquid-jet length, L jet were experimentally measured
in full-scale water models of bloom and slab casting shroud-tundish systems and to these …

Argon injection in ladle shrouds is customarily practiced during the teeming of liquid steel
from ladle to tundish to minimize air ingression and thereby restrict atmospheric oxidation of …

Gas bubbling can be an effective means to float out alumina inclusions from liquid steel in a
ladle. However, large spherical cap bubbles are formed when using porous plugs, as the …

Development of a Predictive Tundish Open Eye Model Using Artificial Neural Network (ANN)
2207 © 2019 by the Association for Iro Page 1 Development of a Predictive Tundish Open Eye …

Non-metallic inclusions (NMI's) are of great concern during liquid steel processing and have
several sources, eg, re-oxidation, slag entrainment, refractories, etc. As the demand for …