Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is a non-specific exaggerated defense
response caused by infectious or non-infectious stressors such as trauma, burn, surgery …

In the last two decades, the amyloid hypothesis, ie, the abnormal accumulation of toxic Aβ
assemblies in the brain, has been considered the mainstream concept sustaining research …

Background Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is mainly characterized by sleep fragmentation
and chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), the latter one being associated with multiple organ …

It is well known that the presence of a blood–brain barrier (BBB) makes drug delivery to the
brain more challenging. There are various mechanistic routes through which therapeutic …

Ethnopharmacological relevance Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) is the principal bioactive
compound isolated from the plant Carthamus tinctorius L. and has been reported to exert …

Polynitroxylated PEGylated hemoglobin (PNPH, aka SanFlow) possesses superoxide
dismutase/catalase mimetic activities that may directly protect the brain from oxidative stress …

Secondary injury from traumatic brain injury (TBI) perpetuates cerebral damages through
varied ways. Attenuating neuroinflammation, which is a key feature of TBI, is important for …

Taurine is a sulfur-containing, semi-essential amino acid that occurs naturally in the body. It
alternates between inflammation and oxidative stress-mediated injury in various disease …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes high rates of worldwide mortality and morbidity due to
the complex secondary injury cascade. Recently, circular ribonucleic acids (circRNAs) have …

Some individuals with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), also known as concussion, have
neuropsychiatric and physical problems that last longer than a few months. Symptoms …