This paper is a review of the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) project and model. IRI
is recognized as the official standard for the Earth's ionosphere by the International …

Abstract The Linear Vary-Chap function has received increased attention in describing the
topside ionosphere due to its good performance for predicting and extrapolating radio …

The Earth's ionosphere affects the propagation of signals from the Global Navigation
Satellite Systems (GNSS). Due to the non-uniform coverage of available observations and …

The analytical description of the topside ionosphere included in the NeQuick model is
studied in detail. First, the modeled scale height behavior is analyzed at infinity and for the …

In the last years, electron density profile functions characterized by a linear dependence on
the scale height showed good results when approximating the topside ionosphere. The …

This paper aims to provide an overview on recent advances in ionospheric modeling
capabilities, with the emphasis in the efforts relevant to electron density variability. The …

In this study, we present a bottomside model representation to be used by the Empirical
Canadian High Arctic Ionospheric Model (E-CHAIM). This model features a new approach to …

Abstract The Assimilative Canadian High Arctic Ionospheric Model (A‐CHAIM) is an
operational ionospheric data assimilation model that provides a 3D representation of the …

This paper deals with the well-known mismodelling characterizing the NeQuick topside
ionosphere at low latitudes, ie, the fact that the model keeps the two electron density humps …

The precise description of the topside ionosphere using an ionospheric empirical model has
always been a work in progress. The NeQuick topside model is greatly enhanced by …