25 years ago, the future of treating obesity and diabetes focused on end organs known to be
involved in energy balance and glucose regulation, including the brain, muscle, adipose …

Since their discovery nearly five decades ago, molecular scaffolds belonging to the 14-3-3
protein family have been recognized as pleiotropic regulators of diverse cellular and …

Abstract Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone that potentiates glucose-
stimulated insulin secretion. GLP-1 is classically produced by gut L cells; however, under …

Recent studies demonstrate that α cells contribute to glucose-stimulated insulin secretion
(GSIS). Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists potently potentiate GSIS …

Abstract Purpose of Review Obesity increases the risk of hypertension. However, blood
pressure decreases before any significant loss of body weight after bariatric surgery. We …

Glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1)
are incretins that play an important role in glucose metabolism, by increasing glucose …

Bariatric surgery improves both insulin sensitivity and secretion and can induce diabetes
remission. However, the mechanisms and time courses of these changes, particularly the …

Obesity is a chronic low-grade inflammatory disease (both at the systemic and adipose
tissue level) that continues to rise worldwide. It is associated with an abundance of …

Bariatric surgeries including vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) ameliorate obesity and
diabetes. Weight loss and accompanying increases to insulin sensitivity contribute to …

As an incretin hormone, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) lowers blood glucose levels by
enhancing glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from pancreatic beta-cells. Therapies …