Background Macrophages are immune cells involved in various biological processes
including host defence, homeostasis, differentiation, and organogenesis. Disruption of …

Disturbances in tumor cell metabolism reshape the tumor microenvironment (TME) and
impair antitumor immunity, but the implicit mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we found that …

Leishmania is a protozoan that causes leishmaniasis, a neglected tropical disease with
clinical manifestations classified as cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral leishmaniasis …

AIMS: Aloe-emodin (AE), a plant derived anthraquinone, has been shown to have
anticancer activity in various human cancer cell lines. We have recently reported that AE …

Survivin, a cancer-cell-specific multifunctional protein, is regulated by many oncogenic
signaling pathways and an effective therapeutic target. Although, several types of survivin …

Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA) is a rare clinical condition with immunoglobulin
fixation on the surface of erythrocytes, with or without complement activation. The …

Mast cells synthesize and store histamine, a key immunomodulatory mediator. Polyamines
are essential for every living cell. Previously, we detected an antagonistic relationship …

The protozoan Giardia lamblia is the most frequent intestinal parasite of first-world countries
and a major cause of waterborne disorder often referred to as traveler's diarrhea. We have …

Antibodies to DNA (anti-DNA) are the serological hallmark of systemic lupus erythematosus
(SLE). To elucidate specificity further, the effect of polyamines on the binding of anti-DNA …

Activation of minoxidil (MNX) with N, N′-carbonyldiimidazole and coupling with natural
polyamines (PAs) and commercially available aliphatic or aromatic amines provided a …