Abstract The PI3K/AKT/mTOR (PAM) signaling pathway is a highly conserved signal
transduction network in eukaryotic cells that promotes cell survival, cell growth, and cell …

Abstract Overactive phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) in cancer and immune dysregulation
has spurred extensive efforts to develop therapeutic PI3K inhibitors. Although progress has …

Regulatory T (Treg) cells, an immunosuppressive subset of CD4+ T cells characterized by
the expression of the master transcription factor forkhead box protein P3 (FOXP3), are a …

With the broad application of cancer immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors
in multiple cancer types, the immunological landscape in the tumor microenvironment (TME) …

Characterized by the expression of the critical transcription factor forkhead box protein P3,
regulatory T (Treg) cells are an essential part of the immune system, with a dual effect on the …

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) activity is stimulated by diverse oncogenes and growth
factor receptors, and elevated PI3K signaling is considered a hallmark of cancer. Many PI3K …

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death across the world. Unlike lung
adenocarcinoma, patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) have not benefitted …

The success of immunotherapy in oncology underscores the vital role of the immune system
in cancer development. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) maintain a fine balance between …

PI3Ks are a family of lipid kinases that phosphorylate intracellular inositol lipids to regulate
signalling and intracellular vesicular traffic. Mammals have eight isoforms of PI3K, divided …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the clinical management of multiple
tumours. However, only a few patients respond to ICIs, which has generated considerable …