Simple Summary Inflammation is assessed as a hallmark of cancer and it is now widely
recognized that there exists a direct causal link between inflammation and tumors. Among …

Monocytes influence multiple aspects of tumor progression, including antitumor immunity,
angiogenesis, and metastasis, primarily by infiltrating tumors, and differentiating into tumor …

Cytokines are key components of the immune system and play pivotal roles in anticancer
immune response. Cytokines as either therapeutic agents or targets hold clinical promise for …

Tumors represent a hostile environment for the effector cells of cancer immunosurveillance.
Immunosuppressive receptors and soluble or membrane-bound ligands are abundantly …

Simple Summary Lung cancer is currently the second leading cause of cancer death
worldwide. Cytokines are small proteins that carry messages between cells and are known …

Over the past decades, tumor-resident immune cells have been extensively studied to
dissect their biological functions and clinical roles. Tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells, because …

With the improved understanding of the molecular pathogenesis and characteristics of
cancers, the critical role of the immune system in preventing tumor development has been …

Abstract Interleukin (IL)-9 belongs to the IL-2Rγc chain family and is a multifunctional
cytokine that can regulate the function of many kinds of cells. It was originally identified as a …

The helper T cell 9 (Thelper-9, Th9), as a functional subgroup of CD4+ T cells, was first
discovered in 2008. Th9 cells expressed transcription factor PU. 1 and cytokine interleukin-9 …

Concerns about the potential systematic toxicity limit the extensive application of traditional
therapeutic drugs for melanoma therapy, nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) with good …