The TGF-β regulatory system plays crucial roles in the preservation of organismal integrity.
TGF-β signaling controls metazoan embryo development, tissue homeostasis, and injury …

Mechanisms underlying mechanical overload-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy have
been extensively researched since the landmark report by Morpurgo (1897) of “work …

Manipulation of DNA by CRISPR-Cas enzymes requires the recognition of a protospacer-
adjacent motif (PAM), limiting target site recognition to a subset of sequences. To remove …

Although plasma proteins have important roles in biological processes and are the direct
targets of many drugs, the genetic factors that control inter-individual variation in plasma …

Loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength has recently become a hot research topic with the
extension of life span and an increasingly sedentary lifestyle in modern society …

An active lifestyle is crucial to maintain health into old age; inversely, sedentariness has
been linked to an elevated risk for many chronic diseases. The discovery of myokines …

The world is facing the new challenges of an aging population, and understanding the
process of aging has therefore become one of the most important global concerns …

Skeletal muscle is a plastic organ that is maintained by multiple pathways regulating cell
and protein turnover. During muscle atrophy, proteolytic systems are activated, and …

Exercise stimulates the release of proteins with autocrine, paracrine, or endocrine functions
produced in skeletal muscle, termed myokines. Based on the current state of knowledge, the …

Despite the high prevalence of performance-enhancing drug (PED) use, media attention has
focused almost entirely on PED use by elite athletes to illicitly gain a competitive advantage …