A hundred pollen and plant macrofossil records from the Iberian Peninsula, Southern
France, the Italian Peninsula, Greece and the Aegean, and the southwestern Black Sea area …

Forest conservation and the sustainable use of forests are important issues for biodiversity
conservation, water supply, disaster prevention, recreation, carbon stock, and wood …

Analyzing how climate change affects vegetation distribution is one of the central issues of
global change ecology as this has important implications for the carbon budget of terrestrial …

Abstract Background and Aims Distribution shifts and natural selection during past climatic
changes are important factors in determining the genetic structure of forest species. In …

Clarifying the influences of paleoclimate changes on the disjunct distribution formation of
plants allows a historical and mechanical understanding of current vegetation and …

Mechanisms underlying species richness patterns remain a central yet controversial issue in
biology. Climate has been regarded as a major determinant of species richness. However …

Morphological characteristics reflect geographical variation resulting from adaptation to
varying environmental conditions. Carnivore species distributed over a wide geographical …

Climate relicts hold considerable importance because they have resulted from numerous
historical changes. However, there are major interspecific variations among the ways by …

Climate fluctuations of the Quaternary caused radical changes in distribution of tree species
and resulted in large-scale range shifts, population contractions and expansions. Scots pine …

Aim To reconstruct the diversification history of Rhododendron sect. Brachycalyx
(Ericaceae), and to elucidate the differences in evolutionary history between 18 insular and …