The spliced form of X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1s) is an active transcription factor that
plays a vital role in the unfolded protein response (UPR). Under endoplasmic reticulum (ER) …

Elevated concentration of homocysteine (Hcy) in the blood plasma, hyperhomocysteinemia
(HHcy), has been implicated in various disorders, including cardiovascular and …

Iron accumulation has been associated with the etiology and progression of multiple
neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). The exact role of iron in these diseases is not fully …

Neuronal loss is one of the striking causes of various central nervous system (CNS)
disorders, including major neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) …

Background The retina, as part of the central nervous system (CNS) with limited capacity for
self-reparation and regeneration in mammals, is under cumulative environmental stress due …

The ERp57/PDIA3 protein is a pleiotropic member of the PDIs family and, although
predominantly located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), has indeed been found in other …

N-linked glycosylation is a complex, co-and post-translational series of events that connects
metabolism to signaling in almost all cells. Metabolic assembly of N-linked glycans spans …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder, and it
is characterized by the selective loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra …

Empagliflozin, a selective sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor, has been demonstrated
to provide additional non-glycemic benefits, including neuroprotection. Endoplasmic …

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and its adaptive mechanism, the unfolded protein
response (UPR), are triggered by the accumulation of unfolded and misfolded proteins …