Cognitive deficits are a core feature of schizophrenia, account for much of the impaired
functioning associated with the disorder and are not responsive to existing treatments. In this …

Abstract Concepts of cognitive control (CC) and executive function (EF) are defined in terms
of their relationships with goal-directed behavior versus habits and controlled versus …

The amount of mental effort we invest in a task is influenced by the reward we can expect if
we perform that task well. However, some of the rewards that have the greatest potential for …

Elucidating the prefrontal cortical microcircuit has been challenging, given its role in multiple
complex behaviors, including working memory, cognitive flexibility, attention, social …

The frontal lobes are important for cognitive control, yet their functional organization remains
controversial. An influential class of theory proposes that the frontal lobes are organized …

Kraepelin, in his early descriptions of schizophrenia (SZ), characterized the illness as having
“an orchestra without a conductor.” Kraepelin further speculated that this “conductor” was …

This review provides an introduction to two eyetracking measures that can be used to study
cognitive development and plasticity: pupil dilation and spontaneous blink rate. We begin by …

Stimulants such as methylphenidate are increasingly used for cognitive enhancement but
precise mechanisms are unknown. We found that methylphenidate boosts willingness to …

Adaptive behaviour requires the ability to focus on a task and protect it from distraction
(cognitive stability) and to rapidly switch tasks when circumstances change (cognitive …

A crucial role for working memory in temporary information processing and guidance of
complex behavior has been recognized for many decades. There is emerging consensus …