Fungicides account for more than 35% of the global pesticide market and their use is
predicted to increase in the future. While fungicides are commonly applied during bloom …

Pesticide exposure is regarded as a contributing factor to the high gross loss rates of
managed colonies of Apis mellifera. Pesticides enter the hive through contaminated nectar …

Chlorothalonil (CTL), an organochloride fungicide applied for decades worldwide, has been
found to be present in various matrixes and even accumulates in humans or other mammals …

Apis mellifera is an important bee pollinating native and crop plants but its recent population
decline has been linked to the use of pesticides, including fungicides that have been …

Background The effects of exposing Apis mellifera larvae to common insecticides were
tested in the laboratory. Results The acute toxicity values of the four insecticides that we …

Under realistic environmental conditions, bees are often exposed to multiple stressors,
especially Varroa destructor and pesticides. In this study, the effects of exposure to NOAEC …

Chlorothalonil is a broad spectrum chloronitrile fungicide that has been identified as one of
the most common pesticide contaminants found in managed honey bees (Hymenoptera …

Varroa mites often inflict heavy losses on the global bee industry and there are few effective
control options. Among these methods to control mites, pesticides are extensively used as a …

BACKGROUND Chlorothalonil is a nonsystemic fungicide, and it is one of the most widely
detected pesticides in bee hives. The effect of chlorothalonil on the survival, weight, and gut …

The dissipation kinetics, residue levels, and potential risks of diflubenzuron and
difenoconazole on peaches were investigated under open field conditions. Two years of …