Most individuals adjust their caffeine intake according to the objective and subjective effects
induced by the methylxanthine. However, to reach the desired effects, the quantity of …

Coffee is one of the most widely consumed beverages worldwide. It is usually identified as a
stimulant because of a high content of caffeine. However, caffeine is not the only coffee …

Many drug–drug interactions (DDI s) are based on alterations of the plasma concentrations
of a victim drug due to another drug causing inhibition and/or induction of the metabolism or …

Variability of drug metabolism, especially that of the most important phase I enzymes or
cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, is an important complicating factor in many areas of …

Caffeine, theophylline, theobromine, and paraxanthine administered to animals and humans
distribute in all body fluids and cross all biological membranes. They do not accumulate in …

Human CYP1A2 is one of the major CYPs in human liver and metabolizes a number of
clinical drugs (eg, clozapine, tacrine, tizanidine, and theophylline; n> 110), a number of …

Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) is one of the most abundant CYP enzymes in the human
liver. CYP2C9 metabolizes more than 100 therapeutic drugs, including tolbutamide …

Cytochrome P450 constitute a superfamily of heme-containing enzymes that catalyze the
oxidative biotransformation of structurally diverse xenobiotics including drugs. Inhibition of …

Human cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) is one of the major CYPs in the liver (&sim13%)
and metabolizes about 20% of clinically used drugs. CYP1A2 is a 515-residue protein with a …

With the widespread use of O-alkoxyresorufin dealkylation assays since the 1990s,
thousands of inhibitors of cytochrome P450 family 1 enzymes (P450s 1A1, 1A2, and 1B1) …