Abstract The interleukin 12 (IL-12) family is unique in having the only heterodimeric
cytokines, including IL-12, IL-23, IL-27 and IL-35. This feature endows these cytokines with a …

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an indispensable role in maintaining immunological
unresponsiveness to self-antigens and in suppressing excessive immune responses …

There is increasing evidence that genome-wide association (GWA) studies represent a
powerful approach to the identification of genes involved in common human diseases. We …

The main function of the immune system in health is to protect the host from infection by
microbes and parasites. Because immune responses to nonself bear the risk of unleashing …

Interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) signaling regulates tolerance and immunity. Here, we review
recent work concerning the structure, signaling, and function of the IL-2R, emphasizing the …

Regulatory T (TReg) cells constitute an essential counterbalance to adaptive immune
responses. Failure to maintain appropriate TReg cell numbers or function leads to …

On activation, naive T cells differentiate into effector T-cell subsets with specific cytokine
phenotypes and specialized effector functions. Recently a subset of T cells, distinct from T …

Much data support an essential role for interleukin (IL)-2 in immune tolerance. This idea is
much different from the early paradigm in which IL-2 is central for protective immune …

Feedback regulatory circuits provided by regulatory T cells (Treg cells) and suppressive
cytokines are an intrinsic part of the immune system, along with effector functions. Here we …

Recent genetic mapping and gene-phenotype studies have revealed the genetic
architecture of type 1 diabetes. At least ten genes so far can be singled out as strong causal …