Bodily awareness is a central component of human sensation, action, and cognition. The
human body is subject to profound changes over the adult lifespan. We live in an aging …

The chapter deals with a form of transient spatial representation referred to as a spatial
image. Like a percept, it is externalized, scaled to the environment, and can appear in any …

Humans and animals use cognitive maps to represent the spatial structure of the
environment. Although these maps are typically conceptualized as extending in an …

Two classes of space define our everyday experience within our surrounding environment:
vista spaces, such as rooms or streets which can be perceived from one vantage point, and …

Four experiments investigated the role of reference frames during the acquisition and
development of spatial knowledge, when learning occurs incrementally across views. In two …

Aggregating areas into larger regions is a common problem in spatial planning, geographic
information science, and cartography. The aim can be to group administrative areal units …

Navigation is instrumental to daily life and is often used to encode and locate objects, such
as keys in one's house. Yet, little is known about how navigation works in more ecologically …

In an unfamiliar environment, searching for and navigating to a target requires that spatial
information be acquired, stored, processed, and retrieved. In a study encompassing all of …

An observer often remembers an object's location on the basis of its direction and distance
from reference objects. Two kinds of reference object are of particular interest: landmarks …

An object's location is often remembered relative to one or more landmarks. An object has a
certain direction and distance relative to a landmark. When multiple landmarks are available …