The gametophyte represents the sexual phase in the alternation of generations in plants; the
other, nonsexual phase is the sporophyte. Here, we review the evolutionary origins of the …

During evolution of land plants, the haploid gametophytic stage has been strongly reduced
in size and the diploid sporophytic phase has become the dominant growth form. Both male …

Abstract Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) has gained considerable attention worldwide
during the past decade due to its nutritional and health benefits. However, its susceptibility to …

Crop improvement has focused on enhancing yield, nutrient content, harvestability, and
stress resistance using a trait-centered reductionist approach. This has downplayed the fact …

Key message Overview of pollen development. Abstract Male gametophyte development of
angiosperms is a complex process that requires coordinated activity of different cell types …

The reproductive adaptations of land plants have played a key role in their terrestrial
colonization and radiation. This encompasses mechanisms used for the production …

An authoritative introduction to the latest comparative methods in evolutionary biology
Phylogenetic comparative methods are a suite of statistical approaches that enable …

Birth–death (BD) models are widely used in combination with species phylogenies to study
past diversification dynamics. Current inference approaches typically rely on likelihood …

The main morphological, cytological and physiological characters of ripe pollen are
described, compared, analysed and discussed individually, in multiple combinations and in …

Hybrid breeding can help us to meet the challenge of feeding a growing world population
with limited agricultural land. The demand for soybean is expected to grow; however, the …