The autophagy pathway is a key regulator of cellular metabolism and homeostasis, and
plays a critical role in maintaining normal vascular cell function. It is well recognised that …

The catastrophic mechanical rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque is the underlying cause of
the majority of cardiovascular events. The infestation of vascular calcification in the plaques …

Extraosseous calcification is a pathologic mineralization process occurring in soft connective
tissues (eg, skin, vessels, tendons, and cartilage). It can take place on a genetic basis or as …

Calcification is an independent predictor of atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular events.
Microcalcification is linked to inflamed, unstable lesions, in comparison to the fibrotic stable …

Vascular smooth muscle cell damage is a key step in inducing vascular calcification that
yields hydroxyapatite (HAP) as a major product. The effect of the shape of HAP on the …

Vascular calcification is associated with significant morbidity and mortality within diabetes,
involving activation of osteogenic regulators and transcription factors. Recent evidence …

Cell death is an important aspect of atherosclerotic plaque development. Insufficient
efferocytosis of death cells by phagocytic macrophages leads to the buildup of a necrotic …

Rupture of the cap of an atherosclerotic plaque can lead to thrombotic cardiovascular
events. It has been suggested, through computational models, that the presence of …

Coronary artery disease is among the leading current epidemiological challenges. The
genetic, clinical, and lifestyle-related risk factors are well documented. The reason for …

The interaction between nanohydroxyapatite (HAP) and smooth muscle cells is an important
step in vascular calcification. However, the effect of the shape of HAP on adhesion and …