Amphibian skin is a mucosal surface in direct and continuous contact with a microbially
diverse and laden aquatic and/or terrestrial environment. As such, frog skin is an important …

The fungal skin disease, chytridiomycosis (caused by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and
B. salamandrivorans), has caused amphibian declines and extinctions globally since its …

We know that animals live in a world dominated by bacteria. In the last 20 years, we have
learned that microbes are essential regulators of mucosal immunity. Bacteria, archeas, and …

The microbiome is known to provide benefits to hosts, including extension of immune
function. Amphibians are a powerful immunological model for examining mucosal defenses …

Fluctuating environments can modulate host–pathogen interactions by providing a
temporary advantage to one of the interacting organisms. However, we know very little about …

Host-associated microbiomes are increasingly recognized to contribute to host disease
resistance; the temporal dynamics of their community structure and function, however, are …

Organisms rely upon external cues to avoid detrimental conditions during environmental
change. Rapid water loss, or desiccation, is a universal threat for terrestrial plants and …

Pathogens compete with host microbiomes for space and resources. Their shared
environment impacts pathogen–microbiome–host interactions, which can lead to variation in …

Amphibians are currently the most threatened vertebrate class, with the disease
chytridiomycosis being a major contributor to their global declines. Chytridiomycosis is a …

Chytridiomycosis, the disease caused by the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium
dendrobatidis (Bd), has devastated global amphibian biodiversity. Nevertheless, some hosts …