Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease and yet the
early pathophysiological events of the condition and sequences of dysfunction remain …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects about 1.5% of the
global population over 65 years of age. A hallmark feature of PD is the degeneration of the …

In the embryonic and adult brain, neural stem cells proliferate and give rise to neurons and
glia through highly regulated processes. Epigenetic mechanisms—including DNA and …

Adult neurogenesis is limited to specific brain regions in the mammalian brain, such as the
hippocampal dentate gyrus and the subventricular zone/olfactory bulb system. Alterations in …

Since the discovery of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) as a protein that is likely central
to the aetiology of Parkinson's disease, a considerable amount of work has gone into …

Oxidative stress is involved in various and numerous pathological states including several
age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Peroxidation of the membrane lipid bilayer is one …

Substantial genetic, neuropathological, and biochemical evidence implicates the
presynaptic neuronal protein α-synuclein in Parkinson's disease and related Lewy body …

The dopamine transporter (DAT) transports extracellular dopamine into the intracellular
space contributing to the regulation of dopamine neurotransmission. A reduction of DAT …

Mutations in the LRRK2 gene represent the most common genetic cause of late onset
Parkinson's disease. The physiological and pathological roles of LRRK2 are yet to be fully …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex disease, with genetics and environment contributing
to the disease onset. Recent studies of causative PD genes have confirmed the involvement …