Despite decades of bile acid research, diverse biological roles for bile acids have been
discovered recently due to developments in understanding the human microbiota. As …

Antibiotic-mediated perturbation of the gut microbiome is associated with numerous
infectious and autoimmune diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Yet, as the gut microbiome …

The 1013–1014 microorganisms present in the human gut (collectively known as the human
gut microbiota) dedicate substantial percentages of their genomes to the degradation and …

A dense and diverse microbial community inhabits the gut and many epithelial surfaces.
Referred to as the microbiota, it co-evolved with the host and is beneficial for many host …

The colon mucus layer is organized with an inner colon mucus layer that is impenetrable to
bacteria and an outer mucus layer that is expanded to allow microbiota colonization. A major …

Microbial communities are shaped by positive and negative interactions ranging from
competition to mutualism. In the context of the mammalian gut and its microbial inhabitants …

The human gut microbiome plays an important role in resisting colonization of the host by
pathogens, but we lack the ability to predict which communities will be protective. We …

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) develop via convergence of environmental, microbial,
immunological, and genetic factors. Alterations in the gut microbiota have been associated …

Many intestinal pathogens, including Clostridioides difficile, use mucus-derived sugars as
crucial nutrients in the gut. Commensals that compete with pathogens for such nutrients are …

The mammalian gut microbial community, known as the gut microbiota, comprises trillions of
bacteria, which co-evolved with the host and has an important role in a variety of host …