The transition from a fetus to a newborn is the most complex physiologic adaptation that
occurs in human experience. Before medicalization of delivery, the transition had to occur …

Background Cardiotocography (CTG) records changes in the fetal heart rate and their
temporal relationship to uterine contractions. The aim is to identify babies who may be short …

Uterine contractions in labor result in a 60% reduction in uteroplacental perfusion, causing
transient fetal and placental hypoxia. A healthy term fetus with a normally developed …

Objective. The overall annual incidence rate of caesarean delivery in the United Sates has
been steadily rising since 1996, reaching 32.9% in 2009. Primary cesareans often lead to …

Background Electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) is used in the management of labor and
delivery in nearly three of four pregnancies in the United States. The apparent contradiction …

Background The use of conventional cardiotocographic (CTG) monitoring of fetal well‐being
during labour is associated with an increased caesarean section rate, compared with …

The onset of regular, strong, and progressive uterine contractions may result in both
mechanical (compression of the fetal head and/or umbilical cord) and hypoxic (repetitive …

Objective. Despite the ubiquity of electronic fetal monitoring, the validity of the relationship
between various fetal heart rate (FHR) patterns and fetal acidemia has not yet been …

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to classify fetal heart rate (FHR) monitor patterns
according to risk of fetal acidemia and risk of evolution to a more serious pattern and to use …

While c-section births pose a higher risk of maternal death and medical complications, can
have negative future reproductive consequences for the mother, increase the recovery time …