Reversible silencing of neuronal activity is a powerful approach for isolating the roles of
specific neuronal populations in circuit dynamics and behavior. In contrast with neuronal …

The proper construction of neural circuits requires the generation of diverse cell types, their
distribution to defined regions, and their specific and appropriate wiring. A major objective in …

Episodic memories initially require rapid synaptic plasticity within the hippocampus for their
formation and are gradually consolidated in neocortical networks for permanent storage …

Sophisticated devices for remote-controlled medical interventions require an electrogenetic
interface that uses digital electronic input to directly program cellular behavior. We present a …

Several neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders are characterized by
intermittent episodes of pathological activity. Although genetic therapies offer the ability to …

Dopamine cell firing can encode errors in reward prediction, providing a learning signal to
guide future behavior. Yet dopamine is also a key modulator of motivation, invigorating …

NG2 glia, also known as oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), play an important role in
proliferation and give rise to myelinating oligodendrocytes during early brain development …

Ants exhibit cooperative behaviors and advanced forms of sociality that depend on
pheromone-mediated communication. Odorant receptor neurons (ORNs) express specific …

Neurons display extreme degrees of polarization, including compartment-specific organelle
morphology. In cortical, long-range projecting, pyramidal neurons (PNs), dendritic …

Neurobiologists have long sought to understand how circuits in the nervous system are
organized to generate the precise neural outputs that underlie particular behaviours. The …