Northern Hemisphere forests changed drastically in the early Eocene with the diversification
of the oak family (Fagaceae). Cooling climates over the next 20 million years fostered the …

Insect-induced galls ('galls' hereafter) represent highly regulated growth manifestations on
plants. They present unique geometrical forms, which are, usually, unknown in the normal …

With about 2000 different galls (implies that almost the same number of inducing-insect
species exists), the Indian subcontinent displays a rich variety in gall flora. Gallinducing …

The angiosperm family Fagaceae is a central element of several distinct community types
throughout the Northern Hemisphere and a prime candidate for modern biogeographic …

During the last two decades, there was considerable debate on the actual number of insect
species on Earth, and current estimates range from 5 to 30 million species. For gall-inducing …

Despite the speciose fauna of gall-inducing insects in the Neotropical region, little is known
about their taxonomy. On the other hand, gall morphotypes associated with host species …

Galls are modified, invariably symmetrical, naturally developing plant structures that arise
because of messages from certain specialist insects, mostly from the Thysanoptera …

Host-plant association data, gathered from field surveys conducted throughout Florida and
from the literature, were used to identify the specificity of cynipid gall inducers to one or more …

Irradiation of materials, by high energy, heavy ions (referred to as swift heavy ions or SHI),
results i highly excited lattice atoms with negligible contribution from elastic collisions …

Fungal infection of plants alters plant metabolism and therefore their chemistry, by either
increasing levels of defence compounds or decreasing levels of nutrients. Such alterations …