The beginning of the second century of research in the field of virology (the first virus was
discovered in 1898) was marked by its amalgamation with bioinformatics, resulting in the …

Simulations are widely used to provide expectations and predictive distributions under
known conditions against which to compare empirical data. Such simulations are also …

The complexities of viral evolution can be difficult to elucidate. Software simulating viral
evolution provides powerful tools for exploring hypotheses of viral systems, especially in …

Viruses serve as infectious agents for all living entities. There have been various research
groups that focus on understanding the viruses in terms of their host-viral relationships …

Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV) maintains an ongoing pandemic. Despite combined
antiretroviral therapies (cART) that can suppress viral load, halt progression to acquired …

Background RNA viruses rapidly accumulate genetic variation, which can give rise to
synthetic lethal (SL) and deleterious (SD) mutations. Synthetic lethal mutations (non-lethal …

Background For over 400 years, due to the reassortment of their segmented genomes,
influenza viruses evolve extremely quickly and cause devastating epidemics. This …

In the macromolecular world, the evolution of two building blocks (two nucleotides or two
amino acids) can be interdependent in various ways, including:(i) a mutation at one site …