Intelligence in large-brained vertebrates might have evolved through independent, yet
similar processes based on comparable socioecological pressures and slow life histories …

Highlights•Cephalopods have a distributed nervous system in brain, arms and
skin.•Cephalopods are short term learners and long term learners in exploration, imprinting …

With their large brains, elaborate sense organs and complex behaviour, cephalopods are
among the world's most highly evolved invertebrates. This second edition summarises the …

Competition for resources is a ubiquitous feature of life, and a central topic in behavioral
ecology. Organisms use assessment strategies to resolve contests, which can be delineated …

Cephalopods have captivated the minds of scientists for thousands of years, dating back to
approximately 330 BC when Aristotle became fascinated by their ability to rapidly change …

Since the 1970's, models based on evolutionary game theory, such as war of attrition (WOA),
energetic war of attrition (EWOA), cumulative assessment model (CAM) and sequential …

Animal contests vary greatly in behavioural tactics used and intensity reached, with some
encounters resolved without physical contact while others escalate to damaging fighting …

Animal contest behaviour has been widely studied, yet major knowledge gaps remain
concerning the information-gathering and decision-making processes used during …

Behavioural lateralization is widespread. Yet, a fundamental question remains, how can
lateralization be evolutionary stable when individuals lateralized in one direction often …

Displays are a feature of animal contest behaviour and have been interpreted as a means of
gathering information on opponent fighting ability, as well as signalling aggressive …