It has been 50 years since Francis Fontan pioneered the operation that today bears his
name. Initially designed for patients with tricuspid atresia, this procedure is now offered for a …

Surgical innovation and multidisciplinary management have allowed children born with
univentricular physiology congenital heart disease to survive into adulthood. An estimated …

Bile acids activate farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and G protein–coupled bile acid receptor‐1
(aka Takeda G protein–coupled receptor‐5 [TGR5]) to regulate bile acid metabolism and …

The Fontan procedure has led to increased long-term survival of patients with single
ventricle congenital heart disease. Hemodynamic changes associated with the Fontan …

Aims Liver fibrosis and cirrhosis are a consequence of a Fontan physiology, and determine
prognosis. It is unclear whether non-invasive assessment of liver pathology is helpful to …

Fontan-associated liver disease (FALD) is a form of congestive hepatopathy that is universal
among patients who have undergone Fontan palliation for functional single ventricle …

Fontan-associated liver disease is a hepatic disorder arising from hemodynamic changes
and systemic venous congestion following Fontan surgery. The histological changes …

Congenital heart defects occur in 8 per 1000 live births, with anomalies ranging from minor
septal defects to major structural abnormalities of the great vessels or ventricles. Why focus …

The Fontan operation is the current standard of care for single-ventricle congenital heart
disease. Individuals with a Fontan circulation (FC) exhibit central venous hypertension and …

Congestive hepatopathy (CH) arises from chronically elevated right‐sided heart pressures
transmitted to the liver by passive venous congestion. Over time, CH can lead to hepatic …