Consistent individual differences (CIDs) in behavior are a widespread phenomenon in
animals, but the proximate reasons for them are unresolved. We discuss evidence for the …

The concept of trade‐offs is central to our understanding of life‐history evolution. The
underlying mechanisms, however, have been little studied. Oxidative stress results from a …

Individual differences in the energy cost of self-maintenance (resting metabolic rate, RMR)
are substantial and the focus of an emerging research area. These differences may …

According to life‐history theory, growth rates are subject to strong directional selection due
to reproductive and survival advantages associated with large adult body size. Yet, growth is …

ABSTRACT A common, long‐held belief is that metabolic rate drives the rates of various
biological, ecological and evolutionary processes. Although this metabolic pacemaker view …

Climate change can decouple resource supply from consumer demand, with the potential to
create phenological mismatches driving negative consequences on fitness. However, the …

The interest in fishing‐induced life‐history evolution has been growing in the last decade, in
part because of the increasing number of studies suggesting evolutionary changes in life …

Because the maintenance of proper developmental temperatures during avian incubation is
costly to parents, embryos of many species experience pronounced variation in incubation …

Early life experiences can have profound and persistent effects on traits expressed
throughout the life course, with consequences for later life behavior, disease risk, and …

Climate change is causing increases in temperature and in the frequency of extreme
weather events. Under this scenario, organisms should maintain or develop strategies to …