Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease that predominantly affects the
joints. The prevalence of RA varies globally, with generally a higher prevalence in …

The prevalence of autoimmune diseases (ADs) worldwide has rapidly increased over the
past few decades. Thus, in addition to the classical risk factors for ADs, such as genetic …

Significant recent progress in understanding rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis has led
to improved treatment and quality of life. The introduction of targeted-biologic and-synthetic …

The gut microbiome, ie, the community of bacteria and other microorganisms living in the
human gut, has been implicated both directly and indirectly (mediating the effects of diet) on …

Background Growing evidence has shown that alterations in gut microbiota composition are
associated with multiple autoimmune diseases (ADs). However, it is unclear whether these …

The interplay between the commensal microbiota and the mammalian immune system
development and function includes multifold interactions in homeostasis and disease. The …

The mucosal origins hypothesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) proposes a central role for
mucosal immune responses in the initiation or perpetuation of the systemic autoimmunity …

Changes in gut microbiota have been associated with several diseases. Here, the
International Multiple Sclerosis Microbiome Study (iMSMS) studied the gut microbiome of …

Rheumatoid arthritis is a heterogeneous disease, which can be, based on data combining
genetic risk factors and autoantibodies, sub-classified into ACPA-positive and-negative RA …

As the gut microbiota exerts various effects on the intestinal milieu which influences distant
organs and pathways, it is considered to be a full-fledged endocrine organ. The microbiota …