In recent years, Spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) have been studied at microwave
(MW) frequencies. The Spoof SPPs can be supported by plasmonic metamaterials, which …

Biochar remediation technology is increasingly being valued due to its economic and
environmental advantages in treating heavy metal contaminated soil. In order to …

We propose a smooth evolution of passive optical network (PON) based on PAM4
complement code (PCC). In PCC, a PAM4 symbol is added after every-three binary bits to …

Wavelength division multiplexing\time division multiplexing passive optical network
(WDM/TDM-PON) is the attractive candidate for PON bandwidth sharing among multiple …

Due to the long reach of the next-generation passive optical network (PON), the idea of
sharing infrastructure between multiple PON operators has emerged to reduce capital and …

A novel smooth evolution from current PONs to TWDM PON based on wavelength
complement coding is proposed. The TWDM PON is added into the existing infrastructure to …

Due to the enormous bandwidth permitted in optical channels, optical networks are the
foundation for high information rate/throughput systems. Furthermore, the communication …

Orbital angular momentum (OAM) technology, refers to Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) beams,
twisted beams, vector/vortex beams, acoustic vortex beams and fractional vortex beams. It is …

Abstract Fiber-Wireless (Fi-Wi) networks play a crucial role in broadband wireless
communication. A hybrid Fi-Wi architecture integrating Optical Code Division Multiple …

The present high capacity, speedy and spectral efficient optical access networks face
immense challenges to deal with ever-increasing bandwidth demand which arises from …